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Objective@#Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most common and severe mental disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is the most effective therapy for all kinds of SCZ, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study is aim to detect the molecule mechanism by constructing the transcriptome dataset from SCZ patients treated with MECT and health controls (HCs). @*Methods@#Transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples of 8 SCZ (BECT: before MECT; AECT: after MECT) and 8 HCs, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the different expression genes, enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis were used to detect the related pathways. @*Results@#Three gene modules (black, blue and turquoise) were significantly associated with MECT, enrichment analysis found that the long-term potentiation pathway was associated with MECT. PPI enrichment p-value of black, blue, turquoise module are 0.00127, <1×10-16 and 1.09×10-13, respectively. At the same time, EP300 is a key node in the PPI for genes in black module, which got from the transcriptome sequencing data. @*Conclusion@#It is suggested that the long-term potentiation pathways were associated with biological mechanism of MECT.
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Objective@#Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most common and severe mental disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is the most effective therapy for all kinds of SCZ, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study is aim to detect the molecule mechanism by constructing the transcriptome dataset from SCZ patients treated with MECT and health controls (HCs). @*Methods@#Transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples of 8 SCZ (BECT: before MECT; AECT: after MECT) and 8 HCs, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the different expression genes, enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis were used to detect the related pathways. @*Results@#Three gene modules (black, blue and turquoise) were significantly associated with MECT, enrichment analysis found that the long-term potentiation pathway was associated with MECT. PPI enrichment p-value of black, blue, turquoise module are 0.00127, <1×10-16 and 1.09×10-13, respectively. At the same time, EP300 is a key node in the PPI for genes in black module, which got from the transcriptome sequencing data. @*Conclusion@#It is suggested that the long-term potentiation pathways were associated with biological mechanism of MECT.
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Objective:To investigate the incidence of intestinal microflora imbalance and its treatment in elderly patients with depression.Methods:A total of 255 patients with depression aged over 60 years who were admitted to the psychiatry department of our hospital but had not achieved symptom remission from July 2017 to July 2018 were included as the experimental group.During the same period, healthy people taking health examination at our hospital were enrolled as the control group.Fresh fecal samples were collected and changes in mental state was recorded.The intestinal flora was quantitatively identified.The logarithmic ratio of bifidobacterium to enterobacter(B/E ratio)was analyzed and used as a criterion for determining intestinal flora imbalance.Methods:The proportion of patients with moderate to severe depression and concurrent intestinal flora imbalance was higher than that of patients with moderate to severe depression alone (13.72% vs.3.92%, 13.33% vs.2.74%, P<0.01). The numbers of Bifidobacteria and Enterobacter and the B/E ratio in fresh stool specimens were lower in the experimental group than in the control group[(7.34±0.67)log10CFU/gwet stool vs.(11.33±0.23)log10CFU/g wet stool, (11.38±1.92)log10CFU/gwet vs.(7.93±1.69)log10CFU/g wet stool, (0.64±0.52) vs.(1.42±0.25), P<0.01]. The numbers of Enterococci were higher in the experimental group than in the control group( P<0.01). There were significant differences in Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)scores in elderly patients with depression and concurrent intestinal microflora imbalance before and after specific treatment(84.36±7.93 vs.59.30±2.94, 83.81±4.92 vs.58.53±10.39, P<0.001)and depression symptoms were significantly improved in patients with intestinal microflora imbalance. Conclusions:Elderly patients with depression are clearly prone to intestinal flora imbalance, which is characterized by decreased beneficial bacteria, increased aerobic bacteria and weak intestinal colonization resistance.
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Objective:To investigate the improvement and possible mechanism of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on the emotional memory of chronic alcoholism model mice.Methods:Twenty-four adult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into control group (CON, n=8), model group (AT, n=8), treatment group (AT+ NBP, n=8). Mice in AT group and AT+ NBP group were administrated with alcohol to establish chronic alcoholism model. In the AT+ NBP group, the mice was administrated with NBP (40 mg/kg) by gavage once a day for 14 days during the alcohol modeling period. Ang the mice in AT group and CON group was given the same dose of corn oil by gavage.Open field test was used to evaluate anxiety-like behavior, tail suspension test to evaluate depression-like behavior, Morris water maze and new object recognition to evaluate memory ability, and TUNEL staining to evaluate the number of neuron apoptosis. The primary cultured neurons were interfered by alcohol and NBP at the cell level, and the calcium concentration in the neurons was detected by fluorescence calcium imaging. Descriptive analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA were processed by SPSS 17.0. Results:The results of open field test showed that the exploration time of AT+ NBP group was longer than that of AT group ((50.68±7.82)s, (38.50±13.93)s; t=-2.16, P<0.05)). In the spatial memory test, the target quadrant exploration time of AT+ NBP group was longer than that of AT group ((28.02±7.13)s, (20.98±5.58)s; t=-2.20, P<0.05). In short memory test, the cognitive coefficient RI (0.83±0.08) of AT+ NBP group was higher than that of AT group (0.68±0.10) ( t=-3.13, P<0.05). Compared with CON group, the number of neuron apoptosis in prefrontal cortex in AT group increased ((17.33±2.51), (115.67±6.50); t=-24.41, P<0.001), and that in AT+ NBP group decreased compared with AT group((45.00±5.57)) ( t=14.29, P<0.001). The number of apoptosis neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in AT group (13.75±4.79) was also less than that in the AT+ NBP group (5.75±3.30) ( t=2.75, P<0.05). Calcium concentration in nerve cells was detected that the three concentrations of alcohol (100 mmol/L, 200 mmol/L and 300 mmol/L) led to a significant increase in the RFU within the nerve cells (△F/F) ((1.43±0.32), (2.31±1.39), (1.21±0.73); t=-7.67, -2.85, -2.86, all P<0.05). In comparison, the changes of RFU in the three groups treated with NBP treatment were relatively stable ((0.04±0.01), (-0.03±0.01), (-0.04±0.02); t=7.96, 2.96, 2.92, all P< 0.05). Conclusion:The 3-n-Butylphthalide can improve the learning and memory ability of chronic alcoholism model mice, which may be related with the inhibition of neuron apoptosis and the influence of intracellular calcium homeostasis.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).Methods:A prospective observational cohort study observed 15 AIDS patients (28 eyes) who suffered from CMVR onset between January 2016 and December 2018 at Nanning Aier Eye Hospital. Among this 28 eyes, BCVA of 6 eyes (21.4%) were between moving hand to counting finger, 15 eyes (53.6%) were between 0.02 to 0.1 and 7 eyes were better than 0.1 (25.0%). All eyes received intravitreal injection 0.1 ml of ganciclovir at 4 mg/ml (contain ganciclovir 0.4 mg). The induction regimen was twice weekly for 2 weeks and a maintenance period of the same dose weekly. The mean number of injections was 7.1±1.7 times. For hospitalized patients who had no contraindicated received a 14-day twice daily intravenous ganciclovir (IVG) 5.0 mg/kg·d until complete resolution of CMVR. All patients were divided into intravitreal ganciclovir (IVTG) group and IVTG+IVG group according to different treatment plans, which were 5 cases with 8 eyes and 10 cases with 20 eyes, respectively. The follow-up was more than 6 months. BCVA, complete resolution or stable of the lesion and complications were observed.Results:Six months later, 20 eyes (71.4%) had a obvious reduced or disappeared of the anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation, and the retinal lesions became stable or complete resolution. 24 eyes showed improvements of BCVA and 4 eyes showed stable. 2 eyes (7.1%) presented with BCVA ≤ counting finger, 7 eyes (25.0%) were 0.02- 0.1 and 19 eyes were ≥ 0.1 (67.9%). Compared with before treatment, the ratio of BCVA that less than or equal to counting finger and between 0.02 to 0.1 decreased(21.4% vs 7.1% and 53.6% vs 25.0%, respectively), but the ratio of BCVA better than 0.1 increased (25.0% vs 67.9%). When IVTG+IVG group was compared with IVTG group, the average time-to-resolution of CMVR were 83.2±25.2 and 85.3±24.4 days respectively. There was no significant difference in resolution times( Z=0.17, P=0.87). The ratio of retinal lesions became stable or complete resolution were 75.0% (15 eyes) and 62.5% (5 eyes), there was no evident difference in time-to-resolution between the two groups ( F=0.42, P=0.51). No recurrence was seen during the follow-up period. In cases of unilateral CMVR, there were no patients with a second eye involvement during the follow-up period. No endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment were found in our study. Conclusion:Reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir is a safe and effective treatment option for CMVR.
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Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the symptom of a central nervous system demyelinating,systemic or infectious disease.The pathogenetic mechanism of ON is still not completely clear,and its core is inflammation and immune that occurred in the optic nerve axons,and apoptosis of RGC was induced.Few patients experience recurrent episodes after treatment,presenting a remission-recurrence course of polyphasic disease,named recurrent ON (RON).Two forms of RON have been assigned:recurrent isolated optic neuritis,which is a chronic corticosteroid-dependent optic neuropathy with intermittent acute relapses,and recurrent isolated optic neuritis,which is a non-progressive relapsing ON without steroid dependence.Recurrence of ON causes cumulative damage to the optic nerve lesions and impaired visual signal transmission,thus causing irreversible damage to vision.Therefore,it is very important to have a deep understanding of the pathogenesis of ON and the clinical characteristics of RON,so as to better conduct clinical treatment.
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Objective To investigate the traits of autonomous motivation and its effect on the de-pression severity and short-term clinic outcome. Methods Behavioral Approach System and Behavioral In-hibition System Scale(BAS / BIS),Motivational Traits Questionnaire Short Form(MTQ),the Hamilton De-pression Scale(HAMD-17)and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)were applied to 82 depression patients (case group)at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment and 82 gender-matched healthy controls(control group). The reduction rate of HAMD total scores before and after treatment was used as the main efficacy in-dicator.Results The scores of MTQ-desire to learn((30.37 ± 6.78)vs(33.72 ± 4.34))and MTQ-mastery ((28.68±6.24)vs(32.29±4.74)),BAS-drive scores((9.90±2.76)vs(11.18±2.13))were significantly lower in the case group than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.001),While the scores of MTQ-emotionality((36.26± 7.14)vs(27.29± 5.73)),MTQ-worry((40.87± 7.56)vs(33.69±6.38)),BIS scores((22.68±2.61)vs(15.51±3.62))were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.01).Correlation analysis found that baseline HAMD-17total scores were significantly positively correlated with baseline HAMA total scores(r=0.666,P<0.05),BIS(r=0.278,P<0.05),MTQ-worry(r=0.264,P<0.05)and MTQ- emotionality(r=0.371, P<0.05). Baseline HAMA total scores were significantly positively correlated with baseline HAMD-17 total scores(r=0.666,P<0.05),MTQ-worry(r=0.228,P<0.05)and MTQ-emotionality(r=0.282,P<0.05). The reduction rate of HAMD-17 and HAMA in patients with 2 weeks of treatment was respectively used with step-wise regression analysis,which showed that the significant contribution of MTQ-mastery and BAS-drive,and explained the reduction rate variables 19%(R2=0.19)of HAMD. BAS-drive contributed significantly,and explained the reduction rate variables 16.9%(R2=0.169)of HAMA. Conclusion Autonomous motivation levels of depression patients are significantly lower than that of healthy controls,while higher levels of autono-mous motivation(BAS-drive)may be associated with better short-term clinic outcome.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore common biological pathways for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low birth weight (LBW).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thei-Gsea4GwasV2 software was used to analyze the result of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) for LBW (pathways were derived from Reactome), and nominally significant (P< 0.05, FDR< 0.25) pathways were tested for replication in ADHD.Significant pathways were analyzed with DAPPLE and Reatome FI software to identify genes involved in such pathways, with each cluster enriched with the gene ontology (GO). The Centiscape2.0 software was used to calculate the degree of genetic networks and the betweenness value to explore the core node (gene). Weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was then used to explore the co-expression of genes in these pathways.With gene expression data derived from BrainSpan, GO enrichment was carried out for each gene module.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven significant biological pathways was identified in association with LBW, among which two (Selenoamino acid metabolism and Diseases associated with glycosaminoglycan metabolism) were replicated during subsequent ADHD analysis. Network analysis of 130 genes in these pathways revealed that some of the sub-networksare related with morphology of cerebellum, development of hippocampus, and plasticity of synaptic structure. Upon co-expression network analysis, 120 genes passed the quality control and were found to express in 3 gene modules. These modules are mainly related to the regulation of synaptic structure and activity regulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADHD and LBW share some biological regulation processes. Anomalies of such proces sesmay predispose to ADHD.</p>
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Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Genetics , Gene Ontology , Gene Regulatory Networks , Genome-Wide Association Study , Infant, Low Birth WeightABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical features and visual function of recurrent neuromyelitis optica (NMO).Methods Thirty-four patients with NMO were enrolled in this retrospective case series study.The patients included two males and 32 females.The average first onset age was (35.03± 14.56) years old and the average recurrent rate were (4.24±2.45) times.The recurrent rate of optic neuritis (ON) ranged from two to 12 times.The recurrent rate of ON was two times in 15 eyes of 10 patients,≥three times in 37 eyes of 24 patients.Vision acuity,direct ophthalmoscope,fundus pre-set lens examination,visual field and visual evoked potential (VEP) were evaluated.Clinical features were observed.The abnormal rate of optic nerve including optic edema and atrophy; abnormal rate of visual field including decreasing retinal sensitivity,central and paracentral scotoma,ring scotoma,half field defects,tunnel visual field,visual field centrality constriction; abnormal rate of VEP including Prolonged latent phase and/or decreasing amplitude of P100 wave from patients of first episode or recurrence was analyzed.Serum NMO-IgG was detected from 28 patients hy indirect immunofluorescence technique to observe its positive rate.Results All patients were characterized by repeated episodes of ON and myelitis.The main clinical feature of ON was visual loss,and the main clinical features of myelitis included sensory disability,dyskinesia and vesicorectal disorder.Blindness rate was 41.67％ after the first attack of ON,33.33％ after two relapses,and 64.86％ after ≥ three relapses.The difference of blindness rate between first attack and two episodes was not significant (x2=0.270,P=0.603).However,the blindness rate in patients having ≥ three episodes was significantly higher than those having two episodes (x2=4.300,P=0.038).With recurrence rate increasing,the abnormal rate of the optic nerve (x2 =6.750,P =0.034) and VEP(x2 =6.990,P =0.030)increased.But the abnormal rate of visual field did not increase along with recurrent rate (x2 =0.660,P=0.718).Seropositive rate of NMO-IgG did not differ significantly between patients with first attack ON and that with recurrent ON (x2 =1.510,P =0.470).But the seropositive patients had significantly higher bilateral blindness rate than seronegative patients (x2=5.063,P=0.027).Conclusions NMO are characterized by recurrent ON and myelitis.Visual loss,sensory disability,dyskinesia and vesicorectal disorder are the main clinical features.With recurrence rate increasing,the blindness rate,abnormalities the optic nerve and the abnormity rate of VEP increase.Seropositive recurrent NMO patients have higher bilateral blindness rate than seronegative patients.
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@#Objective To estimate the risk factors of fall happening in the old inpatient of the department of psychiatry and make up preventing measures.Methods 128 old inpatient(36 male cases and 92 female cases,whose age were older than 60) were surveyed.All of the patients were evaluated for risk factors and were interfered by safe nursing and follow-up in duration of hospital stay and in one year post-discharge in order to prevent the occurrence of accident fall.Results Of the 128 investigation patients there were 49 patients(38.3%) who had fall history in the past year.And the female falling patients were 39,while the male falling patients were 10.There were no significant statistical difference between the male and female cases(P>0.05).Of the 128 investigation patients there were 2 fall patients(1.6%) after 1 year safe nursing interference(P<0.001).The risk factors found by Logistic analysis were non-cooperation,poor action ability,blurred vision and taking antipsychotic drug.Conclusion The risk ratio of old inpatient of the psychiatric department is high.The accident of fall should be prevented efficiently.
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Objective To investigate the effects of serum from rats with burn injury on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Methods Bone marrow was extracted from sacrificed Wistar rats and MSCs were then incubated in F-12 medium in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) (group F),normal rat serum (group N),or serum harvested from rats with burn injury(group B). Cells of the fifth passage were harvested to investigate the expression of CK and FⅧ by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results With immunohistochemical staining,both CK and FⅧ were positive in MSCs of group B and negative in the cells of the other two groups. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the positive rates of CK and FⅧ staining MSCs of group B were higher than that of the other two groups ( P 0.05). Conclusions The serum obtained from rats with burn injury could induce differentiation of MSCs to both epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells,implying that serum after barm injury might promote the MSCs to participate in the process of wound repair.